An Inspector Calls - Examining the Role of Sheila After the Inspector h

An Inspector Calls - Examining the Role of Sheila After the Inspector has Left Analyzing the Role of Sheila After the Inspector has Left An Inspector Calls is a play that was composed by J.B. Priestley in 1945 and is set in 1912, concentrating on a decent high society family; the Birlings. 'Auditor Goole' intrudes on a blissful commitment festivity party between Sheila Birling and Gerald Croft, and the Auditor declares the appalling news that, Two hours back a young lady passed on in the Infirmary. She'd been taken there on the grounds that she'd gulped a great deal of solid disinfectant. The characters respond in amazingly various manners to this data furthermore, Sheila rises an extremely solid and reliable character. We start to find the concealed profundities behind each character's external appearance as the play proceeds. We begin to discover every relative's association with Eva Smith's terrible self destruction as the Inspector cross examines them, attempting to cause them to feel blameworthy and answerable for her shocking demise. During the play, a few characters show sentiments of blame and regret however others just excuse the passing totally. The play passes on a solid message that we have the ability to change others' lives and we should all mind and post for one another. All through this exposition I will analyze the job of Sheila, resulting to the Inspector's takeoff. Sheila and Eric, the more youthful age, have suppositions that completely differentiate their mom and father's and they especially get an opportunity to show their emotions following the Inspector's visit. Mr Birling gets extremely furious and irate and rushes to accuse his child, Eric, for the entire occurrence and interruption. He gripes, Yo... ...sums up their conduct all through the play. Sheila's full grown demeanor was appeared all through the play, and her blame what's more, readiness to gain from her errors were likewise shown. Sheila came through as a mindful and insightful character and furthermore an keen and reasonable young lady. Eric for the most part followed his sister, who was an amazing character with moral musings, yet their perspectives differentiated them of the more seasoned age. Mr and Mrs Birling and Gerald all acted unreliably, acted youthfully and acted torpidly. Sheila put ahead her sentiments, yet her folks wouldn't tune in to them or essentially excused of them. Sheila recognized what was the privilege activity, yet sadly her folks wouldn't hear her out. On the off chance that the entire family had acted likewise to Sheila, the result would have most likely been opposite of the tragic completion in the play.

World- Review Questions and Critical Thinking free essay sample

What was the noteworthiness of Machismo and His Afro-Cubans? 3. How did Dizzy Gillespie consolidate Latin music Into his music? 4. What was the Palladium? 5. How did the TV and movies Increase the presentation of the US to Latin music? 6. How did Latin music impact exciting music? 7. For what reason do you think Latin music had such an incredible Influence on the improvement of mainstream music? 8. Do you imagine that any of the music that you tune in to has Latin Influences? Why or why not? In the twenties Jazz joined with Cuban Influences to make and afro-Cuban style. It additionally helped the genuine reconciliation of New York. Individuals all things considered and social statuses came to clubs to see these groups, and thus completely moved together on the move floor. 2. Machismo and the Afro-Cubans gave Africa the credit it merited and when it became mainstream it significantly further coordinated the crowd. In New York there was a plenitude of individuals to be separated of the band and to be the crowd. We will compose a custom paper test on World-Review Questions and Critical Thinking or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The individuals who came to see Machismo and the Afro-Cubans were everything being equal and had circulated audiences.They had whites and Cubans and individuals all things considered, however just individuals who comprehended would get their shrouded messages. Machismo and the Afro-Cubans gave a social scaffold. 3. Unsteady join Latin into his Jazz to make Cubby or Latin-Jazz. He got some information about somebody who could play the Tom-Toms and Abuzz alluded him to Chant Bozo who Joined the band. Lightheaded and the band would make tunes to highlight Chansons playing. Also, Chansons Latin flare would join with Jazz to make their Latin-Jazz. 4. The Palladium was a club in New York where the Mambo became popular.People all things considered and statuses would join. Its where one of the primary combined race couples moved. The main standard of the Palladium was that you needed to move. 5. T. V. Shows and motion pictures, for example, I Love Lucy were highlighting Latin impacts in the tunes. By moving and singing Latin music uncovered the U. S. To it. 6. Latin music impacted Rock N Roll groups, for example, The Beetles, since they were utilizing comparative beats and tunes in their music. The individuals heard the music and cherished It, yet had no Clue It was impacted by Latin music. 7.Popular groups were utilizing Latin Influences and the individuals cherished what they were hearing. The quick paced beats and move capable tunes made these new groups famous. 8. Latin music Influences all mainstream hip-bounce music as in all hip-jump tunes are made so individuals will move and the Latin music does that, Hip-hip Imitates Latin beats and rhythms. 1. 07 Music of the World-Review Questions and Critical Thinking By brownness 3. How did Dizzy Gillespie fuse Latin music into his music? 4. What was the 5. How did the TV and movies increment the presentation of the US to Latin music? For what reason do you think Latin music had such an extraordinary effect on the advancement of impacts? Why or why not? 1 . In the twenties Jazz joined with Cuban impacts to make and afro-Cuban York where the Mambo got mainstream. Individuals all things considered and statuses would Join. Individuals heard the music and adored it, yet had no clue it was impacted by Latin music. 7. Mainstream groups were utilizing Latin impacts and the individuals adored what groups well known. 8. Latin music impacts all mainstream hip-jump music as in. Hip-hip copies Latin beats and rhythms.

Sick Role Essay Sample free essay sample

1. IntroductionThe patient and medical caretaker meet as two outsiders. The patent/family have an interest for help consequently proficient guide is required and the medical caretaker in this stage needs to support the patient and family in patching what’s go oning with or to the patient. It’s of import that the attendant cooperates with the patient in dissecting the condition of affairss so that the can clear up and recognize the status. 2. Body2. 1 The vague stageThe tolerant responds or reacts specifically to individuals who can run into their requests so every patient reacts in any case to the evil capacity. The patient may effectively require the attendant out or hold up until the medical attendant expert looks for him/her out so the patient reaction is three collapsed so she may partake with and be autonomous with the medical attendants ( two ) be free and autonomous from the attendant ( three ) be inert and subject to the attendant. We will compose a custom paper test on Debilitated Role Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page All through the assignment stage. both the patient and medical caretaker should clear up each other’s perceptual encounters and viewpoints. station encounters of both the patient and medical attendant will hold a heading on what their viewpoints will be during this relational system. The underlying demeanor of the patient and medical attendant are of import in developing a working relationship for setting the activity and make up ones disapproving on the fitting guide. ( PEPLAUI’S PHASES IN Nursing ) 2. 2 Expressive capacity of a medical caretaker During the sickness work. the patients may accomplish a greater number of requests than when they were sincerely sick. They apply minor petitions as other going to looking for methods relying upon their single requests. These activities become hard if non unthinkable for the medical caretaker to completely comprehend. The medical attendant must cover with the oblivious powers doing the patient’s activities. The standard of addressing strategies should so be utilized so as to examine. comprehend and sufficiently spread with the subordinate employments. It is extremely of import that the medical attendant investigates the potential reasons for the patient’s conduct. A corrective relationship must be kept up by rehearsing a mentality of confidence. concern and trust. ( HENDERSON V ) The medical attendant ought to elevate the patient to recognize and examine emotions. thoughts. feelings and practices by providing a non-judgemental climate and a therapeudic passionate clime. The expressive capacity is increasingly worried about the constitution and care of any all-inclusive and useful remedial condition and helping the patient to go open to therapeudic mediation. As an attendant. you ought to acknowledge the person as though he/she is with full affirmation of his/her independence. fears. expectations and recuperation intensity. Supporting him/her through essential nursing consideration exhibits the worry of the medical attendant for the patient ( GOLDSMITH J A ; JOHNSON E ) . 2. 3 The instrumental capacity This capacity is progressively worried about reasonable commitment of the medical attendant to the patient. her insight and achievements. the rating of such comprehension and the utilization of this perception. It includes perception. diagnosing. remedial arranging and intervention and the decision on logical confirmations. The capacity of the medical attendant is mostly expressive and to a lesser degree instrumental with the exception of where she works in the capacity of the doctor or pharmacist n the nonappearance of one or both. ( CHARLOTE SEARLE ) The instrumental capacity includes the arrangement of understudy nursing experts ; nomination of managerial aspects of patient consideration other than screen the patient comprehensively and be associated with exigency activities. ( DU TOIT A ; VAN STADEN ) Some patients may take a functioning association in and go engaged with self-care. Such patients will go progressively self-getting the job done and will show debut by set uping pro per conduct for end accomplishment. The medical attendant may take the endeavor of reminding the patient planned practicing effectively. ( JULIA B. GEORGE ) There are numerous difficulties when taking consideration of the patient. Patients might be trying to claim ignorance of his/her status and become crushed. biting the dust and prompts the stage whereby a patient denies mediation and prompts decelerate recuperation and a medical attendant hers to play a parental capacity to nature the patient’s feelings and emotions preceding him/her rendering her administrations. 2. 4 Conflict in sick capacity Because of ailment a man may see himself/herself as non being gainful bounty to his/her family due to being sick and powers him/herself to execute obligations as o accommodate the family despite the fact that he/she exasperates the status if non hospitalized. An evil capacity that the individual is up to speed in cause a battle inside him/her and the patient becomes astounded whether to process the intercession or quit to obligations included. A medical attendant might be included by doing the patient acknowledge the evil capacity despite the fact that hard for the attendant however must be enticing for the enthusiasm of the individual’s health each piece great as their prosperity. ( MELLISH ) Role battle might be brought about by disablement or hurt of the patient which makes people to be dependant on the nursing staff during hospitalization and the individual can non restart his/her diversions. work and baffled whether the status may be enduring and which will be additionall y troubling. Disease is an emergency in the life of everybody because of the way that one can non bring through one’s ordinary capacity and obligations may do concerns and keep reaction to mediation and recuperation. ( MELLISH. JM ) 3. DecisionThe medical caretaker ought to comprehend the distinction between the expressive and instrumental capacity despite the fact that now and again or the vast majority of the down to earth times they join consequently in light of the fact that the attendant needs to take consideration of the patient comprehensively which is head. natural structure and mind of the patient as to hold an upbeat solid/well patient at the terminal of the excursion. 4. Reference 1. Goldsmith. J A ; Johnson. E. Wellbeing impacts of network American Journal of Public health. vol 63. No 9 1973 2. Moral thought processes of Nursing PracticePera A ; Van TonderJuta A ; Co. Cape Town1996 3. Proficient PracticeCharlotte SearleSouth African Nursing PerspectiveButterworth. Durban1957 4. Nursing SociologyDA du Toit. SJ new wave StadenThird EditionVan Schaik Publishers 5. Nursing TheoriesThe Base for Professional Nursing PracticeSecond Edition

Non Recurrent Manufacturing And Selling Analysis - 550 Words

Non Recurrent Manufacturing And Selling Analysis (Essay Sample) Content: Managerial decisions making:Name:Institutional affiliation:Date:Non recurrent manufacturing and selling analysisNon-recurring manufacturing and selling are situations which are daily faced by accountants and sales controllers when doing analysis for manufacturing and sales functions which is a best strategy for choosing the alternative and quickest sales course of action(Hammond, Keeney, Raffia (1998).). In the short run the accountant is faced with an, accept or reject of the given order, make or buy, utilization of limited resources, add or drop a certain line of product, sell or process further. This will face the manager or the accountant with re-examining all the possible probabilities and come up with the best decision that will maximize the profits of the firm. Before venturing into analysis there are fundamental principles that one need to put into considerationsRelevant costs -the ultimate decisions in calculations rest upon cost data analysis .cost data ar e most vital in many decisions as they are the backbone for calculations of profit of the firm .Not all costs are however important to decision making and professionals should identify the one important for calculation and relevant to such decisions. Such costs are referred to as relevant costs (Norris, 2001). They are the expected costs which in future differ in line to decision alternatives. Costs like sunk cost are not relevant to such a decision as they are already incurred in past and they make no difference. The method that uses the concept of relevant costs is called incremental analysis which involves gathering all costs associated with the alternatives, drop sunk costs and finally select best alternative based on the available remaining data. Decision however involves choosing between the alternatives putting components such as revenue differences, opportunity costs, cost differences and cost savings differences (Hammerers, Marshall Pirmohamed (2002).)In our given question we have the following available data Per Unit Total Direct materials $5 $40,000 Direct labor $4 $32,000 Variable factory overhead applied $4 $32,000 Fixed factory overhead applied (150% of direct labor cost) $6 $48,000 Total Cost $19 $152,000 An outside supplier has offered to supply the sub-assembly in this component for $16 per unit. The required number of units is 8000 unitsCalculating the budget for the supplier will be supplying(8000*16$) =$128000Fixed overhead (which is irrecoverable amounts to) 2/3*$48000(2/3)*48000=32000The total cost for supplier hence will be $32000+$128000=$16...

Gender, Gender And Gender Bias - 1429 Words

Language and gender has become an increasingly popular topic of study over recent decades, most likely due to the second wave of feminism in the 1960s and 70s. This can also be seen in the fact that goals of linguistic studies shifted at this point, to not just look at grammatical differences between males and females but to examine sexism and gender bias in language. The wording of such studies becomes increasingly important in the modern era, as gender is now recognised as a socially constructed concept of masculine and feminine features, based on biological sex but not limited to that. Simone de Beauvoir (1952) believed that we gradually become more masculine or feminine but we are not inherently gendered. Language and gender was not developed as a serious subfield until the 1975 publication of Robin Lakoff’s Language and Woman’s Place. Lakoff argued that women use particular language features in order to deny themselves means of strong expression, which are stereotypically reserved for males. These features include shows of uncertainty, such as hedging and indirect requests. Indirect requests include making a statement in hope that it will elicit the desired response from someone else without openly asking. ‘Women’s speech seems†¦ to contain more instances of ‘well’, ‘y’know’†¦ words that convey the sense that the speaker is uncertain about what [she] is saying’ (Lakoff, 1975:53). Dale Spender (1980) talks about gender power relations, but disagrees with Lakoff as sheShow MoreRelatedgender bias2247 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Gender Bias in Education by  Amanda Chapman  of D Youville College Sitting in the same classroom, reading the same textbook, listening to the same teacher, boys and girls receive very different educations. 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Increase Student Achievement And Increase Teacher...

Abstract This topic brief is going to look at performance pay and if this type of program can be used to increase student achievement and increase teacher accountability with maintaining a positive culture. This is currently a hot topic in many states and there are states that are looking to adopt this program and some states are dropping it. In some schools this type of program has proven to raise student achievement, but people argue that although these schools have had success, there is little evidence that shows that the results are sustainable for long term success. Keywords: student achievement, merit pay, teacher accountability Performance Pay Program I chose to focus on this topic because it is a topic that I have strong feelings about when it comes to education. It is a topic that is highly debated in our country and is a program that is said to fix the problem that some say we have in public education. In fact, we see this topic being discussed by the President and Secretary of Education as they have instituted the 4.3 billion dollar Race to the Top to enforce student achievement data into teacher evaluations and help enforce the concept of pay for performance. In this paper, we are going to look at performance pay and how we use student achievement to base a teacher s effectiveness and if it is truly an effective way of helping increase our nation s educational success. The United States is usually compared to other countries thatShow MoreRelatedAccountability Is The Assignment Of Responsibility For Conducting Activities970 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is accountability in education? According to educ ation.com, â€Å"Accountability is the assignment of responsibility for conducting activities in a certain way or producing specific results† (Thurlow, 2009). Accountability is a word heard every day within the school system. 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Torts Tl10005 Principles of Torts Law

Question: Discuss about theTorts Tl10005 Principles of Torts Law. Answer: Introduction: The issue in this case is related with the injuries suffered by Mandy when a bottle of orange juice exploded in her face and she lost an eye. Therefore it needs to be decided if Tamara Natural Juice Limited (TNJL) or Ms. Hooper can be held liable for these injuries. The explosion in the bottle of orange juice took place due to the yeast bacteria in the bottle as during the pasteurisation of the producers, the company heated the products to 75 degrees while the scientists suggest that although such an occurrence was most uncommon but it can be completely eliminated if the fruit juice was heated up to 85 degrees. At the same time, the risk could also be reduced further if instead of using the glass bottles, the manufacturers used plastic containers. But it was difficult to heat the product up to 85 as the production costs will increase significantly and the production will become uneconomic. At the same time, the plastic containers were not easily recycled and were not biodegradable. I t has also been mentioned that most of the other interested manufacturers also used glass containers instead of the plastic containers. Similarly in view of the fact that fermentation was very rare and any costs associated with introducing a change was too high, it was considered as unnecessary and uneconomic. Therefore, under the circumstances reliability of TNJL and Mrs. Hooper needs to be decided regarding the injuries suffered by Mandy. Rule: in order to decide the above-mentioned issue, the rules related with the law negligence out to be analyzed. Under the law, the term negligence means a failure to do what would have been done by any reasonable person under the circumstances (Mersey Docks and Harbour Board Ltd v Coggins and Griffith (Liverpool) Ltd., 1946). In order to establish liability for negligence, the plaintiff is required to have that the respondent had a duty of care. In the past, the law has also provided for the requirement according to which equal, including the companies have to conduct their affairs in accordance with the standard that can be expected from a reasonable person.[1] In this way, in order to recover compensation under negligence, the plaintiff is required to establish that (i) the defendant had a duty of care towards the plaintiff; (ii) such duty of care has been breached by the defendant; and (iii) the personal injury or the damage suffered by the plaintiff was caused by such breach of duty. Under these circumstances, it becomes important to consider what the duty of care is. While deciding if the defendant owed a duty of care, a number of legal principles and policy factors are taken into account by the court (Hollis v Vabu Pty Ltd., 2001). Particularly when the situation is new and the relationship has not been an established relationship which includes a duty of care, the court has to consider several factors. Therefore, for this purpose the court has to consider the type of harm suffered by the plaintiff; the control that the defendant had over the situation which resulted in the harm and the vulnerability of the plaintiff to such harm; the nature of relationship that existed between the defendant and the plaintiff as compared to the duty relationships; the moral and ethical considerations and the coherency and consistency of the legal principles.[2] In case of certain easily established relationships a duty of care is present, like the occupiers liability or the motor vehicle liability. In the same way, the manufacturers of products are also considered to have a duty of care towards the ultimate consumers of their goods.[3] However, outside these established relationships, the court has to consider the factors mentioned above for deciding if a duty of care is present or not in a particular relationship.[4] Even when it can be said that a reasonably foreseeable risk is present, it is not necessary that the court will hold that the defendant had a duty of care. For this purpose, the essential considerations include the vulnerability of the plaintiff, the nature of the harm suffered by the plaintiff and if the risk was not insignificant.[5] At the same time, there is also the issue of inconsistency with other duties that are owed by the defendant in case of other relationships. For example the Civil Liability Act contains special provisions regarding the liability of volunteers. For example where a social worker was investigating the allegations made against the father, related with child abuse and the harm suffered by the father's reputation and employment is caused, the court will take into account the duty of the social worker to investigate the allegations and also the duty relationship that exists between the child and the social worker to override reasonable foreseeability of causin g such harm to the plaintiff. However in some other situations, it may not be so easy to decide the liability for the harm. Therefore, several factors have to be considered while deciding if the driver had a duty of care towards a person who was walking on the highway during the night. The next requirement is that there should be a breach of duty of care. In order to establish a breach of this duty, the elements need to be satisfied.[6] The person knew or should have known regarding the risk. This is also known as reasonable foreseeability. The risk should not be insignificant and any reasonable person under similar circumstances would have taken precautions against such a risk. The requirement to which the risk should not be insignificant has been the result of recent civil liability reforms and the introduction of Civil Liability Act. The introduction of this Act has raised the bar that is required from reasonable person before such person is required to act. Therefore under the current position, while the harm should be reasonably foreseeable, at the same time it is also required that the risk should not be insignificant. However the standards have to be decided on the basis of the facts of each case. In the same way, the precautions that will be considered as reasonable by the court will also vary, depending on the circumstances of each case.[7] The considerations that have to be made by reasonable person by deciding the issue of taking precautions against the risk have been mentioned in the Civil Liability Act as follows. The chances that the harm may take place if there is not exercised; the likely seriousness of the harm; the burden of taking the precautions for avoiding such a risk and the potential the benefit of the activity due to which others have been exposed to the risk of harm. The decision given in Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) can be considered while deciding the issue if a person knew or should have known regarding the risk. In this case, the significance of foreseeability of injury or damage to the plaintiff due to the defendant's conduct was mentioned. Under the Civil Liability Act, coalition mentions that negligence should be the necessary condition and such harm should fall within the liability of the defendant. Hence, a connection should be present between the alleged negligence on the part of the defendant and the harm suffered by the plaintiff.[8] However this is a question of fact. Under the common law, the but for test was used to decide the issue of causation and it was seen if 'but for' the actions of the defendant, the harm suffered by the plaintiff would not have taken place. However, the Civil Liability Act provided in this regard that because should be a necessary element of harm. In this regard, the Civil Liability Act asks if foreseeability was apt in the context of the scope of liability of the party in breach to extend to the harm suffered by the plaintiff. According to the Act, the policy issues that may arise have to be considered.[9] Therefore it can be said that the best way is to see if a reason is present due to which the defendant should not be held liable.[10] An example in this regard can be given of the case titled Commonwealth v Verwayen.[11] In this case, the Commonwealth was held to be liable for breach of its duty of care as a ship sank as a result of negligence. It was stated that the Commonwealth was liable for causing the accident but the plaintiff for the liver and lung cancer that was caused as a result of heavy drinking and smoking that started on part of the plaintiff as a result of experiencing the accident. Earlier the courts have discussed it in context of remoteness and proximity. Another factor in this regard is an intervening cause - nova causainterveniens. However, according to the Civil Liability Act, it has to be considered in terms of policy reasons. Will it be inapt to consider one party liable for all the results of the event where there were intervening factors like the own choices of the person.[12] Generally the breach of duty of care is self-evident. However, an additional requirement has been added by the Civil Liability Act according to which the standard that can be used to decide if there has been a breach of duty is that the risk should not be far-fetched or fanciful. Therefore the risk should not be an immaterial risk.[13] It also needs to be considered if any other reasonable person would have taken precautions against such a risk. This can be referred to as carelessness. It can be described as a failure to do what could have been done by any reasonable person under similar circumstances. But in this regard, after the implementation of the Civil Liability Act, the courts consider the factors like cost involved in taking the precautions and the magnitude of the risk.[14] The issue of what could have been done by any reasonable person under the circumstances is a question of fact. Application:In the present case, TNJL uses the pasteurisation process for preserving its fruit juices. For this purpose, each water product is heated up to a temperature of 75 degrees before sealing the bottles. This is a very crucial process in manufacturing as this process prevents the yeast bacteria from entering the fruit juice. If any yeast bacteria has entered and survived and the juice, the juice may be fermented. The gas that has been built up in the bottle during the fermentation process can cause the bottle to explode after some time. But generally it is accepted that this kind of organs is very rare. At the same time, according to the CSIRO report, it has been mentioned that although this occurrence is very rare but it can be completely avoided if the product is heated by the manufacturers to a minimum temperature of 85 degrees. At the same time, the risk can also be reduced significantly if plastic containers are used by the manufacturers instead of glass bottles. But the juice manufacturers have opposed this report on the grounds that if the product is heated to a minimum temperature of 85 degrees, the cost of production will increase significantly as a result of the increase in power charges. As a result, the production will become an economic. At the same time, the fruit juice manufacturers also pointed out that the plastic containers were not biodegradable and could not be recycled easily. As a result they were not environment friendly. They have also pointed out towards the fact that other interstate manufacturers were also using glass bottles. They have stated that the fermentation is very rare and at the same time, the cost regarding the introduction of these changes was too high. As a result, it was unnecessary as well as uneconomic to implement these changes in New South Wales. As mentioned above, along with other factors, the cost related with taking the precautions also needs to be considered. Another relevant fact in this case is that fermentation is a very rare occurrence. Therefore in this case, it can be stated that TNJL or Ms Hooper cannot be held liable for the injury suffered by Mandy. Conclusion: TNJL and Ms. Hooper is not liable for injuries suffered by Mandy. There was no negligence on part of Ms. Hooper. Similarly, TNJL had taken all the precautions that are necessary in this case. Taking other precautions like heating the product of 85 degrees or using plastic containers will involve a significant cost that was not proportionate to the risk present in this case. 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Sweet Maxwell Case Law Commonwealth v Verwayen ("Voyager case") [1990] HCA 39 Deatons Pty Ltd v Flew (1949) 79 CLR 370 Donoghue v Stevenson'' [1932] UKHL 100 Hollis v Vabu Pty Ltd (2001) 207 CLR 2 Mersey Docks and Harbour Board Ltd v Coggins and Griffith (Liverpool) Ltd [1946] 2 All ER 345 HL New South Wales v Lepore [2003] HCA 4